摘要
The impact of the adaptive cruise control（ ACC）system on improving fuel efficiency is evaluated based on the vehicle-specific power. The intelligent driver model was first modified to simulate the ACC system and it was calibrated by using empirical traffic data. Then, a five-step procedure based on the vehicle-specific power was introduced to calculate fuel efficiency. Five scenarios with different ACC ratios were tested in simulation experiments, and sensitivity analyses of two key ACC factors affecting the perception-reaction time and time headway were also conducted. The simulation results indicate that all the scenarios with ACC vehicles have positive impacts on reducing fuel consumption. Furthermore, from the perspective of fuel efficiency, the extremely small value of the perception-reaction time of the ACC system is not necessary due to the fact that the value of 0.5 and 0.1 s can almost lead to the same reduction in fuel consumption. Finally, the designed time headway of the ACC system is also proposed to be large enough for fuel efficiency, although its small value can increase capacity. The findings of this study provide useful information for connected vehicles and autonomous vehicle manufacturers to improve fuel efficiency on roadways.
基于车辆比功率评价了自动巡航控制系统对改善油耗效率的影响.首先改进了智能驾驶员模型来模拟自动巡航控制系统,并用实测交通数据进行了标定;然后基于车辆比功率提出了一个五步过程用于计算油耗效率.通过仿真实验测试了不同比例自动巡航控制系统下的5种方案,同时对影响自动巡航控制系统感知反应时间和车头时距的2个关键因素进行了敏感性分析.仿真结果表明,所有采用自动巡航控制车辆的方案对减少油耗有积极影响,此外,从油耗效率的角度来看,并不需要采用很小的感知反应时间值,因为该值取0.5~0.1 s几乎带来相同的油耗减少效果.最后,虽然较小的车头时距可以提高通行能力,但就油耗效率而言该值需要设计得足够大.研究结果可为连接车和自动车辆设计行业改善道路油耗效率提供有效信息.
基金
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51338003,51478113,51378120)
