桃花粉低温和超低温保存方法比较研究

Study on Low Temperature Storage and Cryopreservation of Pollen for Peach Germplasm Resources

桃(Prunus persica(L.)Batsch)是我国重要的无性繁殖作物种质资源,目前主要保存于3个国家无性繁殖作物种质圃。随着以茎尖、花粉、休眠芽为保存载体的超低温保存技术的发展,超低温保存已成为无性繁殖作物重要备份保存方式。本研究以15份桃种质花粉为研究对象,开展含水量、回湿处理和保存温度(4℃低温保存和液氮超低温保存)对保存后花粉离体萌发率的影响研究。研究结果:明确了桃种质花粉超低温保存的含水量;揭示了回湿处理对部分桃种质花粉超低温保存产生显著影响;超低温保存后花粉离体萌发率最高可达83%;4℃低温保存和超低温保存比较研究结果表明,超低温保存4年后14份桃种质花粉离体萌发率仍可保持30%以上,11份桃种质花粉离体萌发率与保存前花粉离体萌发率相比无显著变化甚至显著提高,而4℃低温保存的花粉离体萌发率降至0。该研究为国家种质库建立花粉规模化超低温保存提供技术支撑。

Peach（ Prunus persica（ L.） Batsch） is one of the most important vegetatively propagated crop germplasm resources in China. Cryopreservation has been implemented in genebanks worldwide to conserve vegetatively propagated plant collections by using shoot tips,pollen or dormant buds. In this study,the effects of moisture content,rehydration treatment and storage temperature（ 4 ℃ and cryopreservation） on in vitro germination levels of pollen after storage were investigated for 15 peach cultivars. Results showed that： the moisture content for peach pollen cryopreservation were determined,and the optimal rehydration condition was found to be cultivar-dependent. In vitro germination levels of peach pollen after cryopreservation were as high as 80% after 4 years storage. Furthermore,in vitro germination levels of peach pollen after cryopreservation（ in vitro germination levels were higher than 30% for 14 cultivars） were significantly higher than those stored under 4 ℃ low temperature（ in vitro germination levels of 0）. And in vitro germination levels of pollen for 11 cultivars after 4 years cryopreservation were not changed significantly,even 5cultivars among them obtained significantly higher in vitro germination levels. In conclusion,this study will benefit for the establishment of pollen large scale cryopreservation for the new National Crop Genebank of China in future.