不同喂养方式对出院后早产儿早期体格生长的影响分析

Effects of Different Feeding Methods on Early Physical Growth of Premature Infants

目的探讨上海市社区儿保门诊早产低出生体重儿不同喂养方式对其生后1~4个月阶段的体重、身长和头围等体格发育的影响。方法选取2012年1月—2017年1月期间在上海市浦东新区潍坊社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊系统体检的96例早产低出生体重儿(孕周<37周且出生体重<2 500 g)为研究对象。根据出院后喂养方式不同分为4组。试验组:强化母乳喂养组(20例);对照组:早产儿出院后配方奶(PDF)组(23例)、普通配方奶(TF)组(16例)和纯母乳喂养(BM)组(37例)。利用统计学方法分析比较各喂养组在出生后1月、2月和4月龄时体重、身长及头围增长值的差异。结果试验组在1月、2月和4个月时的体重、身长及头围增长值大于对照组中纯母乳喂养组和普通配方奶组(P<0.05)。对照组中,PDF组在1月、2月和4月时的体重、身长及头围增长值大于普通配方奶组和纯母乳喂养组(P<0.05),试验组和PDF组之间差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论强化母乳喂养和早产儿奶粉喂养是早产低出生体重儿出生后比较理想的喂养方式,对早产儿早期体格生长有良好的促进作用,帮助其实现追赶性生长,减少宫外发育迟缓的发生。

OBJECTIVE Study of Shanghai community health care clinic in premature and low birth weight infants, and affect the de- velopment of different feeding methods on the stage of 1 -4 months on weight, length, head circumference and body. METHOD From January 2012 to January 2017, 96 cases of premature medical health care clinic system in Shanghai city Pudong New Area Weifang community health service center of the low birth weight infants（less than 37 gestational weeks and birth weight less than 2 500 g）were selected as the research object, These cases were divided into 4 groups according to the method of feeding after dis- charyed. The experiment group adopted the intervention measures, strengthen breastfeeding（20 cases）, the control group： preterm in- fants after discharge used the formula（PDF）（23 cases）, the general formula（TF）（16 cases）and pure breastfeeding（BM, 37 cases）, analysis the difference between the two feeding group at 1 month, 2 month, 4 month April at the age of weight, length and head circumference growth by statistical method. RESULTS The value of experimental group of weight, length and head circumfer- ence growth at 1 month, 2 mouth, 4 month after birth is greater than the control group in breastfeedling and general formula. （P〈 0.05） . In the control group, the value of PDF group of weight, length and head circumference growth at 1 month, 2 month, 4 month after birth is greater than the group in breastfeeding and general formmula（P〈0.05）, no significant difference between the ex- perimental group and PDF group（P〉0.05）. CONCLUTION Strengthen breastfeeding and PDF are both the relatively ideal feeding patterns in low-birth-weight premature infants after discharge, and have a good effect on the early growth of physique in premature infants, and help to achieve catch-up growth, reduce the occurrence of EUGR.