高校长聘教职制度:历史发展及其演变逻辑

The University Tenure System: Historical Development and Evolutionary Logic

从西方长聘教职制度演变的内在逻辑来看,长聘教职制度的产生是环境的产物,是由教师个体发起,群体呼应,自下而上自发形成的制度设计,是学术系统的内生型制度;而中国高校长聘教职制度却是由院校发动,政府有限支持的外生型制度。长聘教职制度本质上是由院校而非教师控制的制度,院校发展目标、政策取向、院校财政能力直接影响着长聘教职制度的存废与改革,反映了院校和教师之间复杂的权利关系。在现代大学制度建设的背景下,中国高校长聘教职制度的推进必将成为释放教师学术活力、缓解院校财政压力、形成多样化岗位聘任方式的必然选择。

Tenure system is the product of the environment from the perspective of internal logic of its evolution, a spontaneous bottom-up system design initiated by individual teachers and applauded by teacher groups, and an endogenous academic system. However, the tenure system in China is an exogenous system which was launched by colleges＇and limited supported by the government. It is essentially a system controlled by colleges rather than teachers. Its existence and reform were directly influenced by the development goals, policy orientation, fiscal capacity of colleges, and reflected the rights relationship between colleges and teachers. Under the background of the modern university system construction, the promotion of the university tenure system in China will become an inevitable choice to release academic vitality of teachers, alleviate the financial pressure of colleges and universities, and form diverse patterns of employment system.