黑龙江木本植物果实成熟期对气象变化的响应

Response of Woody Plant Fruit Maturity to Meteorological Changes in Heilongjiang Province

以黑龙江省森林植物园49种木本植物为研究对象,通过分析当地1963—2014年的物候观测记录及气象数据,研究了不同木本植物果实成熟期对气候变暖的响应。结果表明:气候变化对不同物种的果实成熟期有着不同影响。在研究的49种木本植物中,与温度变化相关性显著的物种共有43种,其中33种木本植物与果实成熟期前30 d的温度相关性显著。回归分析表明,除榆叶梅(Amygdalus triloba)外,其余32种对果实成熟前30 d温度变化存在响应,山槐(Albizia kalkora)、山皂角(Gleditsia microphylla)、糠椴(Tilia mandshurica)、糖槭(Acer negundo)、山梨(Pyrus ussuriensis)等28种植物果实成熟期会随温度升高而提前;小叶锦鸡(Caragana microphylla)、光叶山楂(Crataegus dahurica)、石蚕叶绣线菊(Spiraea chamaedryfolia)、藏花忍冬(Lonicera tatarinowii)的实成熟期随温度的升高而延迟。

With 49 species of woody plants in the forest botanical garden of Heilongjiang Province, by analyzing the phenological observation records and meteorological data from 1963 to 2014, we studied the effects of different woody response of plant fruit maturity to climate warming. Climate change has different effects on fruit ripening in different species. Among the 49 species of woody plants, there were 43 species with significant correlation with temperature change, among which 33 spe- cies had significant correlation with temperature at 30 d before fruit ripening. By regression analysis, in addition to Amyg- dalus triloba, the remaining 32 species responded to changes in temperature before fruit ripening. Among them, Albizia kalkora, Gleditsia microphylla, Tilia mandshurica, Acer negundo and Pyrus ussuriensis had ripened with the temperature in advance. The ripening period of four species of Caragana microphylla, Crataegus dahurica, Spiraea charnaedryfolia and Lonicera tatarinowii were delayed with the increase of temperature.