近代以来立宪政治在日本的命运——多数主义向工具主义的坠落

The Destiny of Constitutional Politics in Modern Japan:From Majoritarianism to the Depravity of Instrumentalism

宪政思想在明治维新前后传入日本,历经20余年的犹豫徘徊之后,产生了《大日本帝国宪法》及由其所规定的日本式"立宪"。战后《日本国宪法》将主权天皇制改变为象征天皇制,但战前政治的操作手法仍旧沿袭至今。立宪政体中常见的多数争夺,在日本政治中被改变成为由某一势力集团专属的多数控制。少数服从多数的宪政原则,由此而失却表决的最终结果未形成之前的不确定魅力,控制多数即意味着表决程序不过是完成了在形式上赋予事前决定以合法性。控制多数的政治势力必成为国家的行政主体,国策的制定及执行完全被纳入其意志范畴之内。多数主义向工具主义坠落的巨大惯性,可能将日本送往摆脱战后体制束缚的目的地。

The thought of Constitutionalism was first introduced into Japan during the Meiji Restoration. After more than twenty years of delay, it started to generate the Meiji Constitution＂ and the ＂Japanese Constitutionalism＂ . Since the end of WWII, the ＂Japanese Constitutionalism＂ has shifted from the sovereignty of the imperial system to the symbolic imperial system. However, the political tradition in the pre - war era still continues. For the constitutional system in Japan, the principle of rightness of majority has been changed to a ＂majority control＂ by a certain power group, resulting in the loss of uncertainty in the voting. The ＂majority control＂ means voting procedure is no more than a formal procedure and a way of providing legitimacy to a pre - determined result, which serves for the dominance of the political group over the administration, determining the formulation and implementation of the state policy in Japan