2005—2015年乌鲁木齐市甲型肝炎疫情三间分布特征

Characteristics on spatial,temporal and population distribution of hepatitis A in Urumqi from 2005-2015

目的了解乌鲁木齐市甲型肝炎流行特征,为甲型肝炎的防控提供技术支持。方法采用描述统计学方法,对乌鲁木齐市疫情数据进行直观分析。结果 2005—2015年乌鲁木齐市共报告3 200例甲型肝炎病例,平均发病率为10.83/10万,无死亡病例。甲型肝炎发病率有逐年下降的趋势(perason相关系数r=-0.553,P=0.036)。乌鲁木齐市甲型肝炎全年均有发病,高发期为8—12月份;发病主要集中在老年人以及弱小儿童;男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.30∶1;幼托儿童发病率逐年下降,但散居儿童的发病率有所上升,发病占比较高的为离退人员。甲型肝炎发病主要集中在人口较为密集的中心城区。结论甲型肝炎病例具有时间、年龄、性别、空间的集中特点,因此做好重点人群的公共卫生宣教工作、积极推广使用第2类甲型肝炎疫苗,确保适龄儿童第1类甲型肝炎疫苗的供应和及时接种,从而更好控制甲型肝炎的流行。

[Objective] To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Urumqi, provide technical support for the prevention and control of hepatitis A. [nethodsl Descriptive statistics method was used to analyze the epidemic data of Urumqi. [Results] Totally 3 200 hepatitis A cases were reported in Urumqi from 2005-2015, the average incidence rate was 10.83/lakh, and no death was reported. The incidence rate of hepatitis A showed a declining trend （Pearson correlation coefficient r=-0.553 ,P=-0.036）.The hepatitis A cases occurred throughout the year in Urumqi, and peak season appeared August to December. The cases mainly concentrated in the elderly and young children. Male cases were more than female cases, with the male-to-female ratio of 1.30：1. The incidence rate in preschool children decreased year by year, while the incidence rate in scattered children increased, and retired personnel accounted for the largest proportion. The hepatitis A cases concentrated in the densely-populated central urban area. [Conclusion] The hepatitis A cases show the epidemic characteristics in time, age, sex and space. It is necessary to strengthen the public health education among key groups, actively promote the use of second type of hepatitis A vaccine, and ensure the availability and timely vaccination of first type of hepatitis A vaccine for children, to effectively control the epidemic of hepatitis A.