宜宾市某三甲医院急性农药中毒的回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of acute pesticide poisoning in a tertiary general hospital in Yibin City

目的通过对宜宾市第二人民医院2011年1月—2015年12月期间收治的农药中毒病例进行分析,了解农药中毒情况,为农药中毒的防控提供数据支持。方法通过该院网络直报的农药中毒个案资料,分析农药中毒的性别、年龄分布,农药中毒类型、季节分布及不同农药种类病死率情况。结果收治的农药中毒患者共1 556例,死亡35例,病死率为2.25%,其中非生产性农药中毒占农药中毒比例的96.21%(1 497/1 556)。农药中毒女性较男性略多见,男女性比1.00∶1.18。非生产性农药中毒以自服或误服为主,且非生产性自服病死率高于非生产性误服,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生产性农药中毒以二、三季度中毒较多,占62.71%(37/59);引起中毒者死亡的农药种类多为杀虫剂和除草剂,杀虫剂导致死亡17例,除草剂导致死亡16例,两者死亡病例占94.29%(33/35)。结论预防农药中毒应当加强农药的管理,做好个人防护及心理健康教育。

[Objective] To understand the pesticide poisoning situation by analyzing the pesticide poisoning cases which were treated in Yibin Second People＇s Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015, provide data support for the prevention and control of pesticide poisoning. [Methods] The distribution of sex and age, types of pesticide poisoning, seasonal distribution and mortality of different kinds of pesticides were analyzed by means of the data of network direct report cases of pesticide poisoning. [Results] There were 1 556 cases of pesticide poisoning in the hospital and 35 cases died with the mortality rate of 2.25%, and the non-productive pesticide poisoning cases accounted for 96.21% （1 497/1 556）. The female cases were slightly more than male cases, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.00：1.18. Most of non-productive pesticide poisoning cases were self-using or wrong taking. The mortality rate of self-using cases was higher than that of wrong taking cases, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The productive pesticide poisoning cases mainly occurred in the second and third quarter of a year, accounting for 62.71% （37/59）. The death cases were mainly caused by insecticides （17 cases） and herbicides （16 cases）, accounting for 94.29% （33/35）.[ Conclusion ] Prevention of pesticide poisoning should focus on the management of pesticides, and strengthen personal protection and mental health education.