流动人口家庭化迁移对女性就业影响研究——基于云南省动态监测数据的分析

Impact of Floating Population's Family Migration upon Female Employment Probability

改革开放以来,随着中国户籍制度逐渐放开,人口流动越来越活跃,在流动人口规模日益增长的过程中流动人口结构也渐渐地发生了一些变化,流动人口性别结构渐渐趋于均衡,女性流动人口渐渐加入了流动人口行列,但是在此过程中许多"流而不工"的现象并没有引起社会广泛关注。基于2014年云南流动人口动态监测调查数据,利用单变量描述统计分析和二元Logistic回归分析方法,对不同迁移模式中的流动女性就业机会进行分析的结果表明:流动人口家庭化迁移对女性就业具有明显的阻碍作用,单身女性就业概率最高,半家庭式流动女性就业概率居中,举家式流动女性的就业概率最低。随迁子女数量也是影响女性就业的主要因素,在流入地每增加一个孩子,女性就业概率将降低20%左右。此外,女性流动人口个体特征以及流动特征也会对其就业产生影响,在流入地居住时间每增加一年,就业概率大致提高3.6%左右。这意味着,流动人口家庭化迁移过程中的女性就业劣势可能随着人口流动长期化发展得到相应的补偿,长期流动对女性就业具有重要的促进作用。

Since the implementation of reforming and open-door policy,China＇s household registration system is gradually liberalized;population flow is on the increase;and the size and structure of floating population changes.In this process,females gradually join in,but many of them do not work,aphenomenon that has attracted little attention.This paper aims to fill up the gap by adopting the dynamic monitoring survey data of floating population collected in Yunnan in 2014.For that goal,the study proceeds with the STATA（version 12.0）Social statistics software,the double variable description statistical analysis,and binary logistic regression analysis method.The result shows that different family patterns among the floating population may have different results of employment.To be specific,single female employment probability is the highest of all,followed by incomplete family pattern,followed in turn by complete family pattern,the last of which is the lowest.Meanwhile,the number of children with their parents is also a factor affecting female employment.That is,female employment probability is reduced by 20% with the increase of one child.In addition,their individual and flowing characters also serve an impact on employment chance：If their residence time in migration places increases by 1years,their employment probability will increase by about 3.6%.That is,the employment disadvantage may be compensated along with long-term migration,which means that steady migration may play a role in promoting the rate of their employment