美国生态批评的生态人文主义构建述评

The Construction of Eco-humanism in Contemporary American Ecocriticism

生态人文主义构建是当代美国生态批评的重要理论与文学批评方法探索。首先,它对文艺复兴人文主义进行深刻反思,辨明其工具理性与机械二元论统摄下的自然观,并指明这正是造成当代生态危机的思想根源之一。其次,它尝试构建生态人文主义语言,这是一种能深刻阐释自然的叙事性语言;它融合生态学观念、新环境伦理与后现代视角,力图在文学研究中凸显人与自然的关联。同时,它运用绿色言说阐释文本中的环境隐喻,激发人们的环境思考并形成文化影响力。其核心原则是将环境思考视为事关人类本质定义的本体论问题,认为文学研究应当具备环境责任意识,而且它将地球共同体概念引入文学研究,并在此语境中展开生态人文主义思考。

An important theoretical and critical inquiry for the school of American ecocriticism is to construct ecohumanism. To meet this objective, American ecocritics start with a re-examination of Renaissance humanism, arguing that its view of nature based on instrumental rationalism and mechanistic dualism has served as an ideological root of contemporary ecological crisis. Then they try to create an ecohumanist language, a narrative language capable of deep interpretation of nature. The language takes in ecological concepts, new environmental ethics and a postmodern perspective, intentionally highlighting the ecological connection between man and nature. Meanwhile, the school extends its context to the natural world, interprets the environmental metaphors in literary text in a green language, and inspires our environmental imagination to make a difference. Considering environment as an ontological issue central to the definition of human and environmental consciousness, American ecocriticism brings the concept of earth commu- nity into literary studies and in this context promotes ecohumanist thinkings.