“新上山下乡运动”与遗产村落保护及复兴——徽州西溪南村实践

New Ruralism Movement in China and Its Impacts on Protection and Revitalization of Heritage Villages: Xixinan Experiment in Huizhou District, Anhui Province

经历了30多年快速的城镇化之后,乡村开始大面积凋敝,承载灿烂农业文明的乡村遗产面临前所未有的挑战;同时,一波不可阻挡的逆城镇化暗流正在涌动,一场"新上山下乡运动"正在袭来,对遗产村落保护来说,这既是一次历史性的机遇,也可能是历史性的大灾难。消极保护的思想显然已经不能适应当代社会的需求,并已经证明注定失败。积极面对挑战,尽快探索新时代的遗产村落保护途径和方法,刻不容缓。面对复杂的乡村社会和经济条件,只有通过实验,才能找到问题的症结,并获得解决之策。文章表达了关于"新上山下乡运动"的观点,提出了此背景下的遗产村落保护和复兴的基本工作框架,并以徽州西溪南村为例,总结了近3年实践中的一些有益的经验,为中国正在和即将面临的大量遗产村落的保护和复兴工作,抛砖引玉。

After three decades＇ rapid urbanization in China, hundreds and thousands of villages, together with rich heritages of bearing the magnificent agricultural civilization, have been disappearing and degrading. Meanwhile, a new trend of pro-ruralism movement, called new Shangshan Xiaxiang （going down to the countryside） Movement is now emerging, that brings urban residents into the villages. It is a blessing or another historical destructive force for the heritage villages depending on how one adapts to the movement. Passive protection of village heritages has been proven unsuccessful and active adaptation to this new social trend seems to be imperative, and adaptive strategies and solutions need to be explored that require experiments on site. In this article, the author discussed a working framework of heritage village protection and revitalization in facing the new Shangshan Xiaxiang movement, and tested this framework in the experiment in the village Xixinan in Huizhou District, Anhui Province, China.