儒教文明的危机意识与保守主题的展开

The Crisis Consciousness of Confucian Civilization and the Development of the Protecting Project

晚清士大夫阶层对于儒教文明的危机意识到甲午战败达到了一个高峰,康有为将之概括为"保国、保种、保教",获得了广泛的共鸣。比较一下张之洞、康有为和严复的保守方案,会发现三者在具体理解和具体主张上各有侧重,各有异同。具体来说,张之洞的保守方案重心在保国,严复的保守方案重心在保种,康有为的保守方案重心在保教。"保国、保种、保教"的主题也规定了中国现代思想的基本方向,是晚清思想界留给我们的一笔极其重要的精神遗产。

In the late Qing dynasty the crisis consciousness of Confucian civilization reached the peak in 1895.The protecting project which consists of'state protecting,race-protecting,and religion protecting'put forward by Kang Youwei obtained a wide support.Comparing the three projects by Zhang Zhidong,Kang Youwei and Yan Fu,we can find that each of them had different emphasis on the concrete understandings and concrete claims.More specifically,while Zhang focused on state-protecting,Kang focused on religion-protecting,and Yan focused on race-protecting.The protecting project also prescribed the main directions of modern Chinese thought,which is still a very important spiritual heritage to us.