人权外交与美国卡特政府尼加拉瓜政策的失败

Human Rights Diplomacy and Failure of The Carter Administration's Policy on Nicaragua

二战以降至冷战前期,美国从防止共产主义扩散出发,长期支持奉行亲美反共政策的尼加拉瓜索摩查独裁政权。当索摩查政权出现统治危机时,卡特政府出于在意识形态上对抗苏联、对政治动荡与输出革命因果关系的重新思考以及对索摩查政权的高度信心,试图在尼加拉瓜推行"人权外交",结果导致危机升级。从"幕后调解"到"国际斡旋",卡特政府曾以美国的民主制度为模式分阶段"调解"尼加拉瓜政治危机。由于卡特政府过高估计了美国对索摩查政权的影响力,并过低估计了桑解阵的实力,使尼加拉瓜政策最终失败。该事件表明,"人权外交"只是美国干涉他国内政的虚弱标签。

Since the outbreak of Cold War,the United States' policy on Nicaragua was to support the proUS anti-communist Somoza dictatorship,aiming at preventing the communist proliferation in western hemisphere.When the Somoza regime was in a ruling crisis,because of emphasizing ideological competition with the Soviet,rethinking political turmoil and outputting revolutionary causality,and having confidence in Somoza regime,the Carter administration tried to carry out 'human rights diplomacy'in Nicaragua.However,it led to crisis escalation in Nicaragua.From behind to front,The Carter administration had'mediated'the Nicaragua crisis in the manner of introducing American democracy to this country.As the Carter administration overestimated the influence of the United States on Somoza,regind and underestimated the strength of the Sandinista,the United States eventually lost Nicaragua.The matter shows that'human rights diplomacy'is a weak tool for the United States to interfere internal affairs of other countries.