民族院校大学物理与中学物理教育衔接问题研究

RESEARCH ON THE EDUCATION COHESION BETWEEN COLLEGE PHYSICS AND MIDDLE SCHOOL PHYSICS IN ETHNIC UNIVERSITIES

如何处理好大学与中学物理教学的衔接关系是民族院校大学物理学科教育的重要课题。笔者对北京、重庆两地6所高校558名理工类专业的学生,进行问卷调查和个别访谈,采用中央民族大学(简称U1)和其他5所高校(简称U2)进行分组对比的方法,对大学与中学的物理教育衔接问题进行了初步探讨。研究发现,U1学校理工类专业的学生在选择专业时具有一定的盲目性,U1学校学生认为大学物理知识抽象的比例要比对照组U2学校的高出7%,但是U1学校学生对物理实验的态度要比U2学校的学生更积极。为促进民族院校大学物理和中学物理教学有效衔接,笔者提出民族院校需要关注大一新生的数理基础和实验背景,注重课堂演示实验的教学,探索引入翻转课堂的教学模式等教学建议。

How to handle the cohesion between college physics and middle school physics teaching well is very important problem in ethnic college education.The questionnaire survey and individual interviews were conducted among 558 college students of science and engineering from six universities in Beijing and Chongqing.The method of group comparison was carried out by using the Minzu university of China（U1）and the other five universities（U2）.Research suggests that U1 undergraduate students of science and engineering had some hasty in choosing their university professional major.The surveyed students believed that college physics was not easy to understand,and the proportion of U1 school was over 7% higher than that of U2 schools.However,U1students＇ attitude towards physical experiments was more positive than U2students＇ attitude.In order to get effective education cohesion between college and middle school in physical teaching at ethnic universities,great attention should be paid to the basic knowledge of mathematics and physics of college freshmen and their experimental skills.Teachers should pay more attention to the demonstration experiments in class,and guide the students to think actively.Teachers should also try to introduce the instructional strategy of flipped classroom to reverse the traditional learning environment.