中国的户籍制度现状、改革阻力与对策

China's Hukou System:Current Situation,Reform Obstacles and Countermeasures

户籍制度是中国最重要的人口管理制度。自21世纪以来,中国各地户籍制度差异逐渐变大,在一系列的改革背后隐藏着诸多的驱动因素和变革阻力。本文首先总结了当前中国各地户籍制度的改革进程,并对各地的户籍开放度进行了评估;之后分析了差异化的户籍制度理论和现实成因。研究发现,在财政支出较高、收入较高的城市较难实行户籍开放,不同地区的官员特征差异也能解释为何各地执行不同的户籍开放政策。基于这些发现,我们提出了进一步推动户籍制度改革的建议。

Hukou system is the most important population management system in China. Starting from the 21＂t Century, the gap and differences in hukou system across different regions have increased significantly. There are multiple driving forces and reform obstacles behind a series of reform and changes. This paper summarizes the hukou reform process in recent years, and estimates the openness of hukou system in various regions, and then analyzes the differentiated hukou system theory and reasons. We found that it is difficult to reform the hukou system in regions with high fiscal expenditure and income. The characteristics of local officials can also explain why there are different hukou policies in different areas. Based on these findings, we propose suggestions for future reform.