基于随机效用理论的赣江流域生态补偿支付意愿研究

ANALYSIS OF THE PEOPLE'S WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION IN THE GANJIANG RIVER BASIN BASED ON THE RANDOM UTILITY THEORY

研究生态补偿的支付意愿及影响因素可为建立和实施流域生态补偿机制提供决策依据。在随机效用理论框架下采用条件价值评估法和有序Logistic模型分析了赣江流域居民的生态补偿支付意愿及其影响因素,并着重研究了心理距离、心理所有权对支付意愿的影响,引入区位和类别虚拟变量对比分析了异质性支付意愿产生的原因。通过对赣江流域593份样本数据的分析发现,居民感觉河流离自己越远,则其支付河流生态服务价值的意愿越低;居民对河流的心理所有权越强烈,则其支付河流生态服务价值的意愿越高;对水质满意度较低、对环保部门的信任度较高是下游居民支付意愿偏高的主要原因;与赣江的心理距离较远,对环保部门的信任度较低是抗议性响应群体支付意愿偏低的主要原因。研究得到的政策启示在于政策制定者在设计生态补偿制度时应该重视居民支付决策的心理机制,因人因地选择不同的政策工具。从心理上缩短人与河流的距离,提升居民对河流的占有感,都有助于提高赣江流域居民的生态补偿支付意愿。

Research on willingness-to-pay（WTP） of ecological compensation and the influencing factors can provide decision-making basis to establish and implement ecological compensation mechanism of river basin. The contingent valuation method and ordinal logistic model were adopted to evaluate the WTP of residents along the Ganjiang River basin for ecological compensation based on the random utility theory. The empirical research mainly analyzed the impacts of psychological distance,psychological ownership on WTP and compared upstream residents ‘WTP to downstream residents＇. Based on questionnaire data,we get the following conclusions：（1）the father away from the river the residents feel,the lower the WTP for ecological service is.（2） The stronger the psychological ownership of residents,the higher WTP for ecological service is.（3） The lower satisfaction of water quality and the high degree of trust in the environmental protection department are the two main reasons for the higher WTP of downstream residents.（4） Being far from the Ganjiang River and the low degree of trust in the environmental protection department are the two main reasons for the lower WTP of the protest response group. It is therefore suggested that,when making policies the policy-decider should consider residents ＇ psychological decision-making mechanism. Shortening the residents＇ psychological distance and enhancing residents＇ feeling of possession both can boost the enthusiasm of the residents to participate in the ecological compensation.