论诗歌创作在明清时代衰落的原因——从人类情感变迁的角度考察

Reasons for the Decline of Poetry Creation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties: An Investigation from the Perspective of the Change of Human Emotions

明清时代是古典诗歌创作的衰落期。关于明清诗歌创作衰落的原因,学界已经进行了深入探讨,给出过各种不同的解释,或许每种解释都有一定的合理性,但一个常常被人忽视实则极其重要的原因就在于中华民族情感体验的变迁。明清时代处于中国封建社会的末期,其走向衰败没落的趋势已无法改变,受此影响,中华民族的情感体验也变得日趋因袭化、平庸化、世俗化了。诗人们乃是对时代情绪最为敏感的群体,他们的情感体验与整个中华民族情感体验变迁的大趋势是一致的,而这不但对他们的诗歌创作产生了深远的影响,也是古典诗歌创作在明清时代走向衰落的最深层原因之一。

The Ming and Qing Dynasties witness the decline of classical poetry creation. The reasons have been discussed deeply among the academic circles, and different explanations are made with certain rationality. How- ever, one reason that is often ignored but actually very important lies in the changes of emotional experience of the Chinese nation. The Ming and Qing Dynasties, as the end of China＇ s feudal society, are doomed to decline, which make the emotional experience of the Chinese nation increasingly conventional, mediocre and secular. As a group that is the most sensitive to the sentiment of the times, the poets＇ emotional experience is consistent with the general trend of changing emotional experience of the Chinese nation. As a result, not only is poetry creation of the poets affected profoundly, but the creation of classical poetry also comes to decline in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.