影响建筑碳交易实施的关键问题分析

Analysis on Key Issues Affecting Promotion of Building Carbon Emissions Trading

阐述了我国开展建筑碳排放权交易的必要性。通过对深圳市建筑能源消耗变化趋势的分析和建筑碳排放权交易机制的解读,提出开展建筑碳交易是以市场手段探索建筑节能工作的一条新路径。分析了阻碍我国碳交易试点城市实施建筑碳排放权交易的关键问题:建筑碳排放边界和建筑碳排放权交易主体的确定方法,这二者都是沿用工业企业的碳交易思路,没有体现我国建筑和建筑用能管理的实际情况。以深圳市为案例探讨了可行的应对策略和方法,提出并分析了以单栋建筑为对象采用建筑物物理边界作为建筑碳排放边界的可行性;同时提出了分阶段确定建筑碳交易主体的思路,现阶段对不同建筑类型可制定不同的交易主体,如交易对象可以是办公楼的建筑业主,酒店和商业建筑的建筑用户;而未来交易主体可以过渡为能源缴费单位。

The necessity of promoting building carbon emission trading in China is elaborated. By comprehensively analyzing the changing trend of building energy use in Shenzhen and deeply understanding the building carbon emission trading mechanism,it is indicated that building carbon emissions trading,as a market instrument,could be a new effective way for promoting the work of building energy efficiency.Key issues that affecting the promotion of building carbon emissions trading are analyzed,including the determinations of both carbon emission boundary and trade subjects. The existing methods for determining the two issues employ the conventional methods normally used for industrial enterprises. However,the existing methods fail to consider the practical situations of buildings and building energy management in China. Based on the practices of Shenzhen,feasible solutions and methods are discussed. Feasibility analysis is conducted to take the physical boundary of an individual building as the carbon emissions boundary. It is also suggested to determine the trade subject for buildings in different stages. Currently,different trade subjects could be determined based on different types of buildings. For instance,the trade subjects could be the building owners for office buildings and the building users for hotel and commercial buildings. In the future stages,the trade subjects could be changed to individual companies with own energy payment accounts.