海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林植物组成与地理成分

Plant Composition and Geographical Elements of the Tropical Lowland Rain Forest of Ganshenling, Hainan Island

为揭示海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林区域植物群落特征、性质和规律,以期为进一步分析生物多样性保育与恢复策略及生态服务功能评估等提供科学依据,在海南岛南部甘什岭自然保护区选择典型低地雨林建立1 hm^2固定样地,进行立地因子和植被调查,并研究其物种组成与地理成分。结果表明:维管植物隶属于65科150属213种,种子植物63科148属211种,分别占海南岛和全国种子植物总科、属、种的32.66%、19.29%,13.56%、4.69%和7.65%、0.78%~0.81%;优势科明显,单种科36个,寡种科24个,共占总科数的92.31%;属内种的变化范围为1~6,单种属最多,占总数的76.00%;科和属的分布区类型均以泛热带分布为主,热带性质占绝对优势,这不同于尖峰岭山地雨林热带-亚热带过度性明显的特点;根据种-面积曲线研究表明,甘什岭热带低地雨林最小取样面积为范围在3 600~6 400 m^2之间,其上限高于海南岛霸王岭热带山地雨林的4 000 m^2最小面积;相较于山地雨林,其植物种类较丰富,地理成分更复杂。

In order to reveal the characteristics, property and regular pattern of plant communities, and to provide a theoretical basis for the biodiversity conservation, biodiversity restoration and the ecological service functions assessment in the tropical lowland rain forest of Ganshenling, Hainan Island. We found a piece of typical tropical lowland rainforest in Ganshenling, Hainan nature reserve, established a 1 hm^2 permanent sample plot in it. The site factors and situation of vegetation were investigated, the composition and geographical elements of the spermatophytic flora were also analysed. The results were as follows： The vascular plant species belonged to 65 families, 150 genera and 213 species which included 63 families, 148 genera and 211 species of spermatophyte,accounted for 32.66% 、 19.29%, 13.56% 、 4.69%, 7.65% 、 0.78%-0.81% of the number of family, genera and species in Hainan Island and the whole of China, respectively. There are 36 single-species families and 24 depauperate families in experimental zone, they accounted for 92.31% of whole families. Dominant families can be distinguished intuitively. The number of species in each genera varied from 1-6, among which monotypic genera accounted for 76.00%. Pantropic is the maximum type in both areal-types of families and genera predominantly,tropical components were the dominant, which is totally different from the montane rain forest in Jianfenfling. The areal-types of families and genera in Jianfengling have two primary ingredients, those are pantropic type and subtropic type. Based on species-area curve in the plot we calculated that minimum sampling area in Ganshenling tropical lowland rainforest was 3 600-6 400 m^2, which surpassed the 4 000 m^2 in Bawangling tropical montane rainforest. Compared to montane rain forest, the species richness is higher and the types of geographical elements are more plentiful in lowland rainforest.