“信仰”与“理性”对中世纪大学的影响

The Impact of the Faith and Reason on the Medieval Universities

中世纪时期,基督教在精神世界确立了至高无上的统治地位,在扩大基督教影响的过程中,极大地推动了欧洲教育的发展。教会组织在知识领域居于垄断地位,教士和信徒们在教会资助下发起古典翻译运动,经学哲学家们致力于调节信仰和理性矛盾。在维护基督教信仰的过程中,教会借用思辨理性为其工具,反过来促进了理性精神的发展,由此为中世纪大学塑造了原始的组织形态,积累了丰富的知识基础,兴起了思辨的风气。

In the medieval age, Christianity established the supreme dominance in the spiritual world through the process of expanding the influence of Christianity. And meanwhile, European education was highly enhanced as well. The churches maintained the monopoly position in the field of knowledge, priests and disciples promoted the classical translation movement, and scholastic philosophers tried to adjust the contradiction of faith and rea- son. As a result, Christian Churches used the speculative rationality as their tool in the maintenance of the Christian faith, which in turn promoted the development of rational spirits. All of which had laid original forma- tion for the medieval universities, accumulated rich knowledge as the foundation of the medieval university, and promoted the speculative atmosphere in the medieval universities.