略论蜀与滇的文化关系

The Cultural Relations between Shu(蜀) and Dian(滇)

我国西南地区部族众多,是典型的多民族地区。蜀与滇因为地域相邻,自古以来就关系密切。古蜀可能是西南地区最早创建的一个联盟之国,或称为宗主国。春秋战国时期,古蜀国的东方有巴国与楚国,北方有秦,这些都是当时势力比较强盛的列国。而在同时期的西南夷区域,夜郎与滇等依然是小邦,或者是"邑聚"之类的部族。古蜀国通过商贾与周边少数民族进行贸易以获取资源,此类商贸活动既有短程也有远程,产自于古蜀国的丝绸、青铜器、巴蜀的盐巴,以及其他很多物品,便通过商贸输入了滇国和西南夷地区,有些物品甚至经过远程贸易辗转贩卖到了南亚和中亚。与此同时,古蜀国成熟而高超的青铜铸造技术,也在商周之后随着商贸传入了滇国和西南夷地区。汉武帝大力经略西南夷,到东汉时期西南丝路已成为重要国际通道;后诸葛亮平定南中,有效地促进了汉族和西南各族的团结与融合,其意义是非常深远的。

There are many tribes in the southwest of China, which is a typical muhi-ethnic area in the east of the world. Shu and Dian are adjacent to the region and have been closely related since ancient times. Ancient Shu may have been the first country in the southwest to create a union, or the state of the country. During the Spring and Autumn Dynasties, the eastern states of ancient Shu had the state of Pakistan and the state of Chu, and the north had Qin. In the same period of the southwest, the Yelang and Dian, are still small states, or the tribe of ＂cognac＂. Trade with the ancient Shu kingdom by merchants and the surrounding minority in access to resources, such commerce has both short-range and long-range, come from the ancient Shu kingdom of silk, bronze ware, BaShu salt, and many other items, then through trade enter the Yi Dian kingdom and southwest region, some items after a long-distance trade and sold to the south and central Asia. At the same time, the mature and superb bronze casting technology of the ancient Shu state was also intro- duced to Yunnan and the southwest after the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Emperor Wudi of the Hart Dynasty, the south- west of China, to the eastern Han Dynasty has become an important international channel. Later Zhuge Liang pacify Nanzhang, effectively promoted the unity and integration of the Han and the southwest ethnic groups, and its significance was very profound.