流域比较视角的钱塘江与黑河流域水资源问题及对策研究——基于水足迹核算分析

Comparison of Water Resources Problems between the Qiantang River Basin and Heihe River Basin Based on Water Footprint Evaluation

产品贸易及水权交易使得水资源问题"跨流域化",不再单纯是流域内部管理问题。本文从流域比较视角出发,在区分蓝、绿、灰三种水足迹的基础上,应用水足迹模型,测算了两流域典型地区的水足迹,进行流域水资源问题对比分析,并分析了经济发展模式对流域水资源可持续性的影响。结果发现,杭州市经济用水中灰色水足迹占总量的90%,而张掖市经济用水中绿色水足迹占总量的60.8%,说明钱塘江流域水资源问题在于质,而黑河流域水资源问题在于量;经济发展模式中的产业结构、水资源开发效率、工业化路径等影响流域水资源可持续利用,同时基于GDP导向的流域间的水资源逆向配置,更加剧了流域水资源矛盾。最后根据流域对比结果提出治理措施,从而形成流域间协作的良性循环。

The concept of virtual water provides a new analytical framework for water resources problems. When product trade occurs, it produces water trading. So water is no longer simply regional problem of water management. Water transfer project and water rights trading make water problem ＂inter-basin＂. In this paper, firstly, the typical area water footprints of Qiantang River basin and Heihe River basin was estimated using water footprint model. Then, by contrast to water footprint and economic pattern of the two basins, source of water resources problems and its influencing factors were indicated. Finally, water resources management measures were put forward according to the comparison conclusion. The results showed that： 1） grey water footprint of economic water consumption accounted for 90% of the total water footprint in Hangzhou of Qiantang River basin. However, green water footprint of economic water consumption accounted for 60.8% of the total water footprints in Zhangye of Heihe River basin. 2） Water resources problem in Qiantang River basin is water quality deterioration, where in Heihe River basin is water shortage. 3） Industrial structure, industrialization path and water resource development in economic development model will impact sustainable use of water resources. At the same time, inter-basin water reverse configuration based on GDP oriented expands the water resources conflicts. 4） A virtuous cycle of collaboration between river basins is important for water resources management.