日本的城市环境问题及其改善过程:政策和规划视角研究

Japan's Urban Environmental Problems and Improvement: Policies and Planning

日本是亚洲最先城市化的国家,目前已有86%的人口生活在城市行政区范围内。在城市化的进程中,日本曾出现过各种各样的环境问题,经过半个多世纪的努力,现在的城市生活环境不仅得到根本改善,而且在资源循环利用和低碳社会建设等方面也做出引人注目的成绩。本文从日本城市规划制度和环境政策演变角度,分阶段介绍自1950年以来的城市环境问题、环境法律和有关城市规划建设的政策,逐步展开日本改善城市生活环境、保护地球自然环境的过程,尤其注重从生态城市到低碳社会转型发展的最近政策动向。

Japan is the earliest country in Asia that started its urbanization nearly a century ago, and now, ＇86% of the population lives in the administrative areas of cities. In the process of development, especially in the rapid development periods, there had been a wide range of environmental problems that threatened the urban life. Efforts have been made over several decades to fundamentally improve the living environment in cities. Moreover, Japan has also achieved remarkable outcomes in resource recycling and low-carbon society building. This paper sheds light on the changing domains of urban environmental issues and the countermeasures taken by the Japanese government since the 1950s. Insights into Japan＇s environmental laws, policies and projects in different development stages are provided and the recent policy transformation from eco-cities to a low-carbon-society is particularly elaborated.