老年高血压患者不遵医饮食行为的原因分析及建议

Cause analysis and countermeasure to the diet behavior without medical compliance of the elderly with hypertension

目的探讨老年高血压患者不遵医饮食行为的原因,提出有效护理对策,提高老年高血压患者遵医饮食行为。方法根据高血压分级及危险因素,自行设计问卷调查,对某社区中心160名老年高血压患者抽样调查,进行高血压患者遵医饮食状况及影响遵医饮食因素的调查。结果本调查发现66.88%老年高血压患者不能遵医饮食。老年高血压患者在高血压的饮食治疗知识(患者和家庭成员)、家庭成员配合饮食、医护人员介绍高血压的饮食治疗、医护人员严格监督患者饮食这5个方面,遵医饮食患者组与不遵医饮食患者组相比,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强老年高血压患者饮食治疗教育,督促患者养成良好的饮食习惯,重视家庭成员教育,加强与患者饮食治疗的沟通,可以帮助老年高血压患者提高遵医饮食行为发生率。

Objective To explore the causes of diet behavior without medical compliance of the elderly with hypertension and its risk factors, and put forward effective nursing countermeasures. Methods According to the classification of hypertension and its risk factors, we designed the questionnaire to conduct a sampling survey for one hundred and sixty elderly patients with high blood pressure in our community center, in order to investigate the condition of diet with medical compliance and the influencing factors of the status quo. Results Quite a proportion of the elderly patients with high blood pressure could not follow the medical diet（66.88% ）. To these old people with hypertension, the aspects were in poor condition such as diet knowledge of patients and family members, cooperation of family members for diet, the introduction of diet treatment on hypertension, and supervision of medical staff on diet of patients. The condition of patients without medical compliance was poorer, and there was statistical significance between two groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusion We should strengthen the education of diet treatment for the elderly with hypertension, urge patients to develop good eating habit, attach importance to education on family members, enhance communication with patients on diet treatment, so as to help the hypertension patients follow medical advice on diet.