重度肥胖症患者代谢性手术治疗前膳食习惯的调查研究

Investigation on dietary habits of severely obese patients undergoing metabolic surgery

目的 调查重度肥胖症患者代谢性手术治疗前的膳食结构,以了解重度肥胖症患者日常饮食习惯,同时为患者术后饮食指导提供依据.方法 用自行设计的一般资料调查问卷和肥胖者专用膳食习惯问卷,采用便利抽样法于2013年1月—2015年12月对中国医学科学院北京协和医院基本外科的50例重度肥胖症患者进行入院时日常膳食习惯调查.结果 患者膳食结构及饮食习惯存在的问题包括三餐不规律（48%）、爱吃零食（48%）、喜吃坚果（60%）及油炸食品（60%）等.饮食以荤食为主（44%）,主食和肉类摄入较多,且谷类摄入量不足（72%）,奶类（52%）及豆类（52%）食物偏少等.同时,是否吸烟、吃半成品或熟食、牛奶、菌类等项目在性别上,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;是否吃半成品或熟食、新鲜水果和蔬菜的摄入项目在不同学历上,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 重度肥胖症患者膳食营养尚欠均衡、膳食结构欠合理,这些不良饮食习惯是造成患者重度肥胖和健康受损的重要原因之一.

Objective To investigate the dietary structure of severely obese patients before undergoing metabolic surgery, so as to comprehend their daily eating habits, and thus provide basis for postoperative dietary guidance for them.Methods At admission, 50 severely obese patients, selected by convenience sampling from the Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 2013 to December 2015, were surveyed about their daily dietary habits by a self-designed general information questionnaire and an obesity-specific questionnaire on dietary habits.Results Problems existed in their dietary structure and eating habits included irregularity of meals （48%）, fondness of snacks （48%）, nuts （60%） and fried food （60%）. They ate too much staple food and animal food （44%）, with insufficient intake of cereal （72%）, milk （52%） and beans （52%）. There was a significant difference between male and female patients in whether smoking, taking semi-finished or cooked products, milk or fungus （P〈0.05）; also there was a significant difference of patients with different educational degrees in taking semi-finished or cooked products, fresh fruit and vegetables （P〈0.05）.Conclusions Poor dietary habits of severely obese patients, like unbalanced dietary nutrition and unreasonable dietary structure, are one of the major causes of their severe obesity and health damage.