城市公共交通规制政策的经济学分析

Economic Analysis of Urban Public Transport Rules and Policies

管制、放松管制和竞争性招标是城市公共交通产业可供选择的三个政策模型,就政策的实践效果而言,竞争性招标明显优于管制与放松管制。但是,目前有关城市公共交通的理论却无法对该产业的政策选择提供清晰明确的判别标准。本文以服务提供过程中生产者与消费者不可分离这一特征为切入点,通过对城市公共交通产业(巴士产业)技术经济特征的重新阐释,不仅证明了竞争性招标政策的合意性,而且还说明了为什么有关规模经济的经验测量会得出相互矛盾的结果。并提出从重组巴士产业结构、扩展竞标范围、理顺政企关系和提升合约设计与监管水平四个方面来完善中国城市公共交通产业竞争性招标政策建议。

Regulation,deregulation and competitive tendering are the three policy models for bus industry.According to the practice,competitive tendering is superior to the two formers.There are not accurate diagnostic criteria for the policy choice of bus industry due to lack of theoretical analysis concerning this industry.Based on the provision interdependence of bus service between producer and consumer,the paper confirms the logical desirability of competitive tendering policy,and reveals the reason why the experimental measurement on deregulation is contradictory to economies of scale.Then it puts forward the improvements for Chinese bus industry from recombination of industry structure,expanding of tendering scale,adjusting of government-enterprise relation,promotion of contract design and supervision.