企业如何推开基层治理中的“政策之窗”?——多源流理论的地方实践及其政治逻辑

How can Enterprise Open the "Policy Window" in Grassroots Governance?——The Local Practice and Political Logic of Multiple Streams Theory

工商企业等非传统主体如何影响基层政策议程的源流并打开"政策之窗"?本文通过实地调研和参与观察跟踪研究北县发展农村电子商务的政策议程设置,探究企业介入基层政策议程的过程及其结果。研究发现,既有治理环境下企业对于基层政策议程设置的参与是我国政策过程"选择性开放"的结果,企业参与目标在于绕过市场机制谋取制度优势以获得超额利润;在复杂的主体利益关系模式下,企业强化并推动源流的汇聚仅能打开议程设置的"机会之窗",其还需推动形成利益均衡的"共识之窗"才能真正打开"政策之窗"以实现政策议程的实质性设置。本文的创新在于对多源流理论在中国基层治理中的应用模型进行优化,并析出多元主体介入背景下基层政策议程设置的政治逻辑;文章重点关注被选择直接参与政策议程企业的影响力发挥,对未被选择的其他企业如何在政策参与的"二线"对基层政策议程产生影响则暂未涉及。

This paper adopts the methods of participation in observation and field investigation,and tracks the concrete process of researching enterprises to participate in and strengthening the grassroots policy agenda setting,and opening the'policy window'.The paper found that the participation of enterprises for the grassroots policy agenda is the result of'selective openness'in our policy process,and their goal is to bypass the market mechanism to seek institutional advantages to obtain excess profits.In a complex relationship of interest,the convergence of policy streams can not open the policy window of the grass-root governance.Central government,local government and enterprises as the main policy participants must coordinate their own interests and open the window of consensus,meanwhile substantive policy agenda can really be established.The contribution of this paper is to supplement the application model of multiple-streams theory in China,and summed up the political logic of corporate policy participation in Chinese grassroots governance environment,but the paper only concerned about the impact of large enterprises on the grassroots policy agenda,thus ignoring the other enterprises in the policy participation process.