海参多糖的提取分离与生物活性研究进展

Research progress on extraction,separation and biological activity of sea cucumber polysaccharide

海参自古就被视为营养圣品,具有保健与药用价值,现已成为功能性食品开发的重要方向。海参体壁中含有的多糖成分具有增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、延缓衰老、保护神经细胞、保肝等多种生物活性,可作为功能性食品的重要功能因子。海参多糖正逐步成为海洋生物活性物质综合利用的研究热点。但目前海参多糖的各种保健和抗癌机制尚不清楚,这是未来海参保健及抗肿瘤研究的重点与难点,对其机制深入研究具有重要的意义。海参多糖的常用提取方法主要有溶剂提取法与蛋白酶水解法,蛋白酶水解法是提取海参多糖的理想方法。海参多糖常用的分离方法有电泳、色谱分离法和分级沉淀法等。本文主要介绍海参多糖的常用提取分离方法及主要的生物活性,为海参功能性食品的研发提供参考。

Sea cucumber has been regarded as nutritional supplements since ancient times, which has health care and medicinal values. Researches on sea cucumber have become an important direction of functional food development. The polysaccharides contained in the body wall of sea cucumber have many biological activities, such as enhancing immunity, resisting tumor, resisting blood coagulation, delaying senility, protecting nerve cells and protecting liver, which can be used as important factors in functional food. Sea cucumber polysaccharides （SCP） are gradually becoming research hotpot in the comprehensive utilization of marine biological active substances. But at present, all kinds of healthcare and anti-cancer mechanisms of SCP are not clear yet, which arc the key points and difficulties for future researches on the health and anti-tumor of sea cucumber, and it is of great significance to study the mechanisms deeply. The common methods of extracting polysaccharide from sea cucumber are solvent extraction and protease hydrolysis. Protease hydrolysis is an ideal method to extract SCP. The commonly used methods for the isolation of polysaecharide from sea cucumber are electrophoresis, chromatography and fractional precipitation, etc. This paper mainly introduced the common extraction and separation methods of SCP from sea cucumber and its main biological activities, in order to provide references for the research and development of sea cucumber functional food.