中国母婴健康促进策略的国际适用性分析——以马拉维为例

International applicability analysis of mother and child health promotion strategy: a case study of Malawi

目的分析马拉维母婴保健的现状、需求和问题,探讨马拉维乃至其他非洲国家借鉴中国母婴保健干预实施策略的可能性。方法基于公开数据与文献资料梳理归纳马拉维的妇幼健康状况,通过开放式问卷和电话访谈方式总结马拉维母婴保健面临的主要挑战和急需的受援领域,并以SWOT分析法对马拉维利用中国经验与援助改善其母婴保健及妇幼卫生的策略进行分析。结果马拉维目前的母婴保健仍处于国际低端水平,实现可持续发展目标面临巨大挑战。主要问题集中在服务供给能力不足、医疗设备和药品/用品短缺、卫生人力资源缺乏、孕产保健服务的普遍覆盖程度较差、转诊系统能力不强等诸多方面。结论基于马拉维国内的母婴保健需求,结合中国本身的相对优势,中国可以在基础设施、人力资源、机构建设等方面对马拉维孕产保健进行重点援助,并结合中国相对成熟的经验,形成符合马拉维国情的援助实施方案,有效提升马拉维的孕产保健服务能力。

Objective To analyze the current situation,needs,and problems of maternal and infant health care in Malawi,explore the possibility of using China maternal and child health care intervention strategies in Malawi and other African countries. Methods Based on the open data and literature data,mother and child health status in Malawi was summarized,and the major needs and challenges of maternal and child health care in Malawi were figured out by the methods of open questionnaire and telephone interview. SWOT analysis was also used to analyze the strategies for improving mother and child health care and maternaland child health in Malawi using China experience and assistance. Results At present,maternal and child health care in Malawi is still at an international low level,which is a huge challenge for the country to reach the sustainable development goal. The main problems included weak service provision capacity,insufficient supply of medicine or equipment,shortage of health human resources,lack of universal maternal health care service coverage,and weak referral system.Conclusion Based on the domestic maternal and child health care demands in Malawi and combined with Chinese relative advantages,the key assistance for maternal health care in Malawi from China should be focused on infrastructures,human resources,facility construction,etc. Moreover,via Chinese mature experience,the project can be formed that is accordance with the national conditions of Malawi aid implementation,which can effectively improve the service capabilities of maternal health care in Malawi.