晚期早产儿中发生小于胎龄儿的围生期因素及新生儿期患病特点

Perinatal factors of small for gestational age infants and disease characteristics during neonatal period among late preterm infants

目的分析晚期早产儿中发生小于胎龄儿(SGA)的围生期因素及新生儿期患病特点。方法选取2014年5月-2016年5月甘肃省妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护病房收治的晚期早产儿515例,依据胎龄和出生体重的关系分为SGA组90例和适于胎龄儿(AGA)组425例,对两组新生儿母亲妊娠期高血压疾病、羊水过少等围生期因素进行对照分析,并对其患病情况进行比较。结果 SGA组新生儿的出生体重显著低于AGA组(P<0.05),住院时间显著长于AGA组(P<0.05),多胎妊娠、羊水过少、宫内窘迫、母亲妊娠期高血压疾病发生率均显著高于AGA组(P<0.05),胎膜早破发生率显著低于AGA组(P<0.05),新生儿窒息、喂养不耐受、颅内出血、低血糖、红细胞增多症发生率均显著高于AGA组(P<0.05)。结论晚期早产儿中发生SGA的围生期因素包括多胎妊娠、羊水过少、宫内窘迫、胎膜早破、母亲妊娠期高血压疾病,新生儿窒息、喂养不耐受、颅内出血、低血糖、红细胞增多症。

Objective To analyze the perinatal factors of small for gestational age infants（ SGA） and characteristics during neonatal period among late preterm infants. Methods A total of 515 late preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit（ NICU） of the hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were selected and divided into SGA group（ 90 infants） and appropriate for gestational age infants（ AGA） group（ 425 infants） based on the relationship between gestational age and birth weight. The incidence rates of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy（ HDCP）,oligohydramnios,and other perinatal factors in the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The neonatal birth weight in SGA group was statistically significantly lower than that in AGA group（ P〈0. 05）,the length of hospital stay was statistically significantly longer than that in AGA group（ P〈0. 05）,the incidence rates of multiple pregnancy,oligohydramnios,fetal intrauterine distress,maternal HDCP in SGA group were statistically significantly higher than thpse in AGA group（ P〈0. 05）,the incidence rate of premature rupture of fetal membranes was statistically significantly lower than that in AGA group（ P〈0. 05）,the incidence rates of neonatal asphyxia,feeding intolerance,intracranial hemorrhage,hypoglycemia,polycythemia were statistically significantly higher than those in AGA group（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The perinatal factors of SGA among late preterm infants include multiple pregnancy,oligohydramnios,fetal intrauterine distress,maternal HDCP,neonatal asphyxia,feeding intolerance,intracranial hemorrhage,hypoglycemia,and polycythemia.