美国财政推进基础设施建设的路径研究

Study on the Path of U.S. Fiscal Policy in Promoting Infrastructure Construction

美国建国后,在大部分时间里将基础设施建设作为国家经济战略的重要组成部分,联邦政府利用资源优先配置和鼓励性财政金融政策推动基础设施各领域的建设。经过200多年的努力,建成了世界上单个国别最为完备涵盖各领域的基础设施体系,包括运河水系、铁路、水坝水电和能源系统、高速公路和民用航空网等,形成了19世纪铁路神话和20世纪基础设施建设黄金时期。本文阐述了这一进程中联邦各级政府采取财政资源优先配置和鼓励性政策的方法和经验,亦对存在问题进行了分析,研究论证新世纪以来推进基础设施建设进程中展现的新特征。

Since the founding of the U.S., the federal government has given priority of fiscal policies to promote its infrastructure construction in all fields. It has become an important part of its national economic strategy. From the Railway Myth in the 19th century to the golden age of infrastructure constructions in the 20th century, after more than 200 years＇ efforts, the U.S. has established the most complete infrastructure system that covers almost all social sectors in a single country. It includes the Ship Canal, railway network, dams, water conservancy and hydropower projects, irrigation systems, highway systems, civil aviation network, etc. In this paper, we investigate U.S. federal government＇s priority allocation methods of financial resources, encouraging policies adopted and lessons we can learn in this process, as well as its new trend in the new century.