中亚壁画映照出的波斯、希腊、印度三大文明

Persian,Greek,Indian Epics in Sogdian Mural Paintings

大家都知道粟特商旅在欧亚丝路贸易中的角色有多重要。历史文献和考古发掘,一起向我们揭示了粟特胡人在中亚五国、新疆、敦煌的全景式文化和生活场景。粟特文明的黄金时代在五到八世纪(550—755),恰逢中国的北朝、隋唐盛世,结束于阿拉伯帝国入侵(642—722)。在最近的七十年里(1 946—201 6),考古学家们在中亚热土上对几乎所有宫殿、要塞、佛窟、神庙、城池进行了发掘。考古证据表明,粟特壁画有三个艺术中心:位于乌兹别克斯坦境内的撒马尔罕古城、布哈拉古城(见封二图1)、和位于塔吉克斯坦境内的片治肯特古城。对于上述三大古城壁画的研究,开启了解读粟特文明的钥匙。本文以片治肯特古城的壁画为案例,分析了中亚壁画题材中的波斯英雄史诗、希腊伊索寓言、印度神话。以图证史,表明在伊斯兰化之前的中亚粟特,一直处在与欧亚丝路的文化互动中。

The Sogdian merchants are known to have played an important role in the caravan trade along the Silk Road. The written sources and archaeological evidences discovered in Central Asia, Xinjiang and Dunhuang unfold an colorful panorama of the life and culture of the Sogdians. The Golden Age of Sogdian civilization coincides the Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang period in China （550-755） ;terminating with the Arabic conquest（722-751 ）. In recent 70 years （1946-2016）, archaeologists have so far recovered various Sogdian sites, includingregal palace, military citadels,Buddhist caves, Zoroastrian temples, as well as city walls. What the Sogdian art metropolitan was like can primarily be judged from the results of archaeological excavations in Samarkand, Studies on these mural paintings have turn the key of the Sogdian cultures. This paper iconography of Sogdian mural paintings from Panjikent, in order to reveal its art influence Greek fables, along with Indian legends. From which we learn that the Pre-Islamic Sogdiana constantly with the surrounding countries along the Silk Road. Bukhara, and Panjikent. endures to examine the rooted in Persian epics, had cultural interactions constantly with the surrounding countries along the Silk Road.