事故树分析在海洋平台安全评价中的应用研究

Application of FTA in Safety Assessment of Offshore Platform

根据海洋平台爆炸的一些典型事例,为避免平台发生爆炸,本文介绍了基于风险的检验(RBI),其基本原理是系统中潜在的或固有的危险和危险系数级别通过采用事故树的分析方法实施评估,概括出了导致海洋平台爆炸的基本事件,通过事故树分析得到最小割集、最小径集及结构重要度并进行海洋平台事故的研究。结果表明,导致海洋平台爆炸的最小割集有37个,防止海洋平台爆炸的最小径集有4个。通过计算基本事件的结构重要度表明,油气泄漏、人为操作不当、管理不当、设备结构损伤及腐蚀因素等是导致海洋平台爆炸的主要因素。

This paper introduces a risk-based inspection （RBI） to investigate typical accidents in offshore oil platform, in an effort to prevent platform explosion. Its basic principle is to assess the levels of the potential danger, the inherent danger and the danger coefficient in the platform system by means of fault tree analysis method, thereby summarize the basic events resulting in offshore platform explosion, and obtain the minimum cut sets, the minimum path sets and structure importance on offshore platform by the accident tree analysis, for the accident research. The results show that there 37 minimum cut sets causing offshore platform explosion, and 4 minimum path sets preventing offshore platform explosion. The result of structure importance calculation of basic events suggests that the oil and gas leakage, improper manual operation, mismanagement, equipment structure damage and corrosion are the main factors leadin~ to offshore platform explosion.