太平天国战争后浙江省开化县的血吸虫病与移民

The Relationship between Schistosomiasis and Migration in Kaihua County of Zhejiang Province after the Taiping Rebellion

开化县是典型的山丘型血吸虫病疫区,也是浙西山区血吸虫病流行时间最早、最严重的地区。该县钉螺沿境内池淮溪、马金溪、龙山溪、马尪溪四条主要溪流分布,并在各溪流中形成自上而下由点状到线状的扩散趋势。开化县的血吸虫病在太平天国战争以后开始大规模的流行。移民在该县历史上不仅是血吸虫病的受害者,同时也为血吸虫病的流行提供了新宿主,造就了该县长达百余年的血吸虫病流行史。与此前自发、零散的移民活动相比,20世纪50、60年代由政府组织的新安江水库移民大量感染急性血吸虫病是开化县历史上血吸虫病与移民关系的一次集中体现。

As a typical hilly region of schistosomiasis endemic area,Kaihua County was the earliest and most serious in western of Zhejiang province.Snails in this county distributed along the four main waters：Chihuai River,Majin River,Longshan River and Mawang River,and expanded from upstream to downstream,which later led to a linear diffusion of the disease.The large scale of outbreak of Schistosomiasis in Kaihua was after the Taiping rebellion.Migrants not only became the victims of the pandemic,but also the new host for the prevalence of more than one hundred years.Compared with previous spontaneous,scattered migrate activities,the Xin＇an River Reservoir resettlement-organized by the government from 1950 sto 1960s-was the most destructive pandemic case in Kaihua histoy.It demonstrated the close relationship between migrations and schistosomiasis.