晚清国子监人才培养模式改革

The Reform of Personnel Training Mode in the Late Qing Dynasty Imperial College

晚清不仅是中国的巨变期,也是传统教育改革的转折点。在清朝中后期,因监生仕途受阻,国子监生员数量不断减少,监中教学内容转以教授科考为主。教学内容的转变虽为监生谋取了新的出路,但以传统儒家文化培养的人才,已不再符合新旧交替时期国家的需要。同治、光绪朝经世致用思想的提倡,不仅被用以人才培养的核心中,且用于选拔师资的标准上,借此培养出迥别于前的新式人才。晚清国子监人才培养取得的成绩在于其培养模式的调整,如统治者的重视、生员结构的优化、师资水平的提高。人才的培养不仅是统治者、生员、教师共同努力的成果,还应与时俱进,才能培养出为国家社会所需之人。

The late Qing is not only a period with great changes, but also a turning point of the traditional educational reform. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, due to the obstruction of official career of the students of the Imperial College, the student number of the Imperial College decreased gradually, and the con- tent of courses in the Imperial College gradually focused on the imperial examination instead. Although the change of teaching contents has attempted to seek a new way out for the students, the talents trained in traditional Confucian culture could not meet the needs of the state in the alternation of old and new. The idea of governing the state in Tongzhi and Guangxu Dynasties has been adopted in the core of talent training, and also in the selection of teachers, aiming to foster the new talents. The achievement in personnel training of the Imperial College in the late Qing is the adjustment of the training mode, such as the ruler＇s attention, the optimization of the students＂ structure, and the improvement of teachers＂ level. The cultivation of the talents is not only the fruits of joint efforts of the ruler, the students, and the teachers, but it should advance with the time, and only by doing like this, the talents needed by the state and society can be cultivated.