专家、生活者与生态系统服务价值的建构——生态文明制度建设的基础研究

Research on the Ecosystem Service Value in the Sei-Katsu-Sha Perspective——The Fundamental Research on the Construction of Ecological Civilization System

关于生态系统服务价值研究有两种观点:一是认为给生态系统服务、产品,以及生物多样性确定经济价值,有助于引起政策制定者和社会公众对生态环境的关注与保护;二是认为简单地估计生态系统服务和产品的价值是有误导的,会使人们忽视生态环境不可估量的非经济价值。从生活环境主义的视角看,生态系统服务价值研究的第一种观点具有一定合理性,价值研究可以让人们了解自然生态系统的重要性,促进环保政策的制定;而第二种观点指出的价值研究技术视角和方法的局限也确实存在。从生活环境主义出发,可以将二者协调起来,以生活者视角弥补技术专家视角追求单一目的合理性的不足,谋求人类生活与自然生态的共生之路。生态环境的治理与保护要树立人与自然共生的价值观;环境政策的制定要重视居民利益与居民选择;环境问题的解决要发挥生活智慧的重要作用。

There are two viewpoints on the value study of ecosystem service： First, pricing the economic value of ecosystem services, products, and biodiversity is considered to contribute to raise concern about ecological environment from policy-makers and general public; Second, it is assumed that simply estimating the value of ecosystem services and products is misleading and will make people ignore the immeasurable non-economic value of the ecological environment. This paper adopts the proposition of living environmentalism, con- sidering that, the first viewpoint of the value study of ecosystem service has a certain rationality, value research can make people understand the importance of natural ecosystems and promote the formulation of environmental protection policies; while the limitaions of the perspective and method of value research what the second view pointed also exist. From the living environmentalism, we can make the two viewpoints coordinate, using the Sei-Katsu-Sha perspective to make up the deficiencies of pursuing the rationality of a single purpose from technical experts, and to seek the symbiosis road of human life and natural ecology. The management and protection of the ecological environment should establish the values of symbiosis between human and nature; the formulation of environmental policy should pay attention to the interest and choices of the residents. The solution of environmental problems should adopt life wisdom.