社区脑卒中患者主要照顾者照顾能力及需求的质性研究

A qualitative research on caring ability and demands of the primary caregivers of stroke patients in community

目的 通过探索社区脑卒中患者主要照顾者的照顾能力、相关影响因素及照顾需求,为护理干预提供依据.方法 采用目的抽样方法选取17位主要照顾者,进行半结构式访谈,并采用现象学方法分析资料.结果 通过分析资料发现主要照顾者照顾能力欠缺,主要体现在康复专业知识缺乏、基础康复技能欠缺及存在给药盲目性.影响照顾能力的因素主要为主要照顾者健康状况、心理状态、患者病程、配合程度及经济负担.同时照顾者照顾支持的需求迫切,主要表现为：渴望得到专业医务人员的支持、急需经济支持、渴望日常生活照料服务、希望与他人交流、排解负性情绪等.结论 各级政府及社区卫生服务中心应多关注脑卒中患者居家康复护理,积极帮助其解决现实问题,满足照顾者照顾需要,提高其照顾能力,从而提高患者日常生活能力和生命质量.

Objective To explore the caring ability and demands of the primary caregivers of stroke patients in community. Methods Seventeen patients of stroke in community participated in the semi-structure interviews. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi phenomenological procedure. Results The lack of ability of the primary caregivers to take care of, mainly reflected inthe lack of professional knowledge of the disease, lack of basic skills and medication blindness. The factors that affected the ability of the primary caregiversto take care ofwere health status and psychological status of the caregivers, duration of illness of patients, coordination degree of patients and financial burden. The caring demands of the caregivers mainly focused on the following areas： professional medical support, economic support, daily care service, and spiritual support services. Conclusions The government and community health service centers should pay more attention tothe rehabilitation of stroke patients in community, and help them to solvepractical problemsactively, meet the care needs, and improve their self-care ability, so as to improve the ability of daily life and quality of life of patients.