山东省PICC置管护士队伍发展现状的调查分析

Survey of construction of PICC nurses of Shandong province

目的 了解山东省PICC置管护士队伍的发展现状,为PICC置管护士队伍建设提供参考依据.方法 通过网络平台采用自行设计的调查问卷,对＂山东省PICC维护网＂内的235所医院进行横断面调查.结果 179所占76.17%的医院成立了静脉治疗小组,其中86.92%（93/107）的三级医院建立了静脉治疗小组,而二级医院中建立静脉治疗小组的仅占67.19%（86/128）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=12.50,P〈0.01）;经过PICC专科培训并考核合格获得资格证书的护士共1335人,而PICC置管护士共1382人,其中三级医院的PICC置管护士人数明显高于二级医院,差异有统计学意义（t=7.23,P〈0.01）,22.98%（54/235）的医院存在＂PICC置管护士人数＂多于＂获得PICC资格证书人数＂,11.49%（27/235）的医院存在＂PICC置管护士人数＂少于＂获得PICC资格证书人数＂;7.81%（108/1382）的PICC置管护士的工作性质为全职,31.91%（441/1382）还需担任管理者职务;51.06%（120/235）的医院对PICC置管护士制订了明确的准入标准,主要以学历、职称、工作年限作为准入依据;PICC培训机构呈现多样化,以省级和市级护理学会培训为主;仅有20.43%（48/235）的医院对PICC置管护士每年再培训的时间有明确要求,31.49%（74/235）的医院对PICC置管护士取证后有再认证要求.结论 山东省PICC置管护士专业化队伍已初步建立,但PICC置管护士队伍的人力配备参差不齐,基层医院的队伍建设有待进一步加强,PICC置管护士的岗位职责有待进一步明确,准入标准有待进一步规范,培训空间有待进一步提升.

Objective To investigate the construction of PICC catheterization nurses in Shandong province. Methods A total of 235 hospitals were investigated from ＂PICC maintenance network in Shandong province＂ with self-designed questionnaire through internet survey. Results 179 hospitals established intravenous （IV） nurse team（76.17%）. 86.92%（93/107） of the tertiary hospitals established Ⅳ nurse team, which was higher than 67.19% （86/128） of the secondary hospitals, the difference was statistically significant（χ^2=12.50,P〈0.01）. There were 1335 trained and certificated nurses while 1382 nurses engaging in PICC catheterization, and there were more PICC catheterization nurses in tertiary hospitals than secondary hospitals, the difference was statistically significant（t=7.23,P〈0.01）. 22.98%（54/235） of the hospitals had more PICC catheterization nurses than trained and certificated nurses, 11.49%（27/235） of the hospitals had more trained and certificated nurses than PICC catheterization nurses. 7.81%（108/1382） of the PICC catheterization nurses worked full-time and 31.91%（441/1382） had a manager position. 51.06% （120/235） of the hospitals had set up clear selection criteria for PICC catheterization nurses, mainly focusing on education background, professional tittle and （or） work experience. Organization in PICC training was diversified, giving priority to nursing association in provinceand nursing association in city. PICC catheterization nurses in only 20.43% （48/235） of the hospitals would accept training annually, 31.49%（74/235） of the hospitals would re-certificate PICC nurses. Conclusion PICC nurse team has been preliminarily established in Shandong province, but nursing staff deployment was unevenness, and primary hospitals should be further reinforced. The position role of PICC nurses should be further clarified. The selection criteria of PICC nurses should be further standardized. And the training space of PICC nurses should be further promoted.