爆发力训练中抓举的适宜重量研究

Optimal Load of Explosive Force Training in the Snatch

以12名专业男子举重运动员为受试者,全面分析了不同相对重量抓举练习的功率输出特点,以期为爆发力训练中抓举练习的重量选择提供科学的依据。方法:受试者在运动捕捉系统下站在测力台上以随机的顺序进行30%~90%1RM重量的抓举练习。然后,计算出人与杠铃所构成整体以及杠铃自身在各个相对重量上的功率、力等指标,再利用重复测量方差分析进行数据统计。结果:整体与杠铃的最大功率分别出现在70%1RM和90%1RM;整体与杠铃的最大速度分别出现40%1RM与30%1RM;两者的最大力值均出现在90%1RM;相对重量对整体力的生成速率无显著影响;杠铃力的生成速率的最大值出现在90%1RM。结论:相对重量对抓举时整体与杠铃的功率变化具有不同的影响。训练实践中应根据运动项目的特征来选择适宜的负重。注重对外界做功的运动员在爆发力训练中其抓举的适宜重量应为≥80%1RM。而注重对自身做功的运动员在爆发力训练中其抓举的适宜重量约为70%1RM,但从力的角度来考虑,其训练中还应包含更大负重的抓举练习。

Taking 12 male weightlifters as subjects, this paper comprehensively analyzed how relative load affects power output during snatches. The aim of the present study was to provide scientific guidelines for load choosing when performing snatch in explosive force training. Methods ： Subjects performed snatches at intensities of 30% , 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of their predetermined 1RM in a randomized order. Motion analysis system and force platform were used during the test. Peak power （PP）, peak force （PF）, peak velocity （PV） and peak rate of force development （PRFD） were calculated for the bar and system （bar ＋ body） during the snatches. Statistical analysis was carried out using a repeated measures 1-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）. Results： PP occurred at 70% , and 90% of 1RM for the system and bar, respectively; PV occurred at 40% and 30% of 1RM for the system and bar, respectively; PF occurred at 90% 1RM for the both; PRFD occurred at 90% 1RM for the bar; relative load had no significant effect on the PRFD of the system. Conclusions： Relative loads had different effects on the peak power of the system and the bar. Therefore, the optimal load for snatch should be chosen according to the characteristics of sports events. The optimal load for athletes who are more concerned with bar power should be ≥80% 1RM, while the optimal load for athletes who are more concerned with body power should be about 70% 1RM; in terms of force characteristics, their training should include heavier load.