“科学主义”背景下的“被科学化”——浅析近代中国城市地图绘制的“科学化”转型

The “Scientificized”Under the Background of “Scientism”——On the Transformation of Urban Mapmaking in Modern China

中国近代化的过程,也是一个科学化的过程,中国传统的地图绘制方法逐渐被西方文艺复兴以来追求准确、科学的绘图方法所取代。过去学界认为,这一转变是由中国社会近代化过程中产生的新需求所致。尽管在近代化进程中,地图绘制方面确实存在着某些需求,需要借助科学、准确的地图来科学、准确地表达地理要素,但是还有许多其他功能并不需要建立在准确、科学的基础之上。由此包括城市地图在内的地图的近代化实际上"窄化"了地图的功能,这一过程在某种意义上可以被认为是一种在"科学主义"背景下的"被科学化"的过程。

China＇s modernization process is also a scientific process. In the process,the traditional Chinese mapping method has been gradually abandoned and the accurate,scientific Western drawing method gradually became the mainstream. Previous studies have believed this transformation as a result of new demands arising from the process of social modernization in China. Although modernization does produce a demand for scientific,accurate maps,since ancient times,whether eastern cartography or western cartography,in addition to the accurate and scientific expression of geographical elements to meet some of the functions required,there is many functions without need to establish the accurate and scientific. Therefore,the modernization of the map（ including the city map） actually＂narrows＂the function of the map,this process can,in a sense,be regarded as a ＂scientificized＂process under the background of the ＂scientism＂.