《荀子》的人“性”论是否为《韩非子》“人”观的基础?

Is Xunzi's Theory of Human Nature the Foundation of Hanfeizi's View of Human Beings?

过去支配荀子和韩非之间关系的论述架构是由"韩非为荀子弟子"和"韩非的人观渊源于荀子的性恶论"两项主张所构成的"循环论证"。从两书中的"性"概念和"人"观的比较来看,《韩非子》的"人"应该继承《商君书》以及慎到和田骈等齐国稷下学者,并非荀子。在司马迁《史记》的《韩非列传》中含有"(韩非)俱李斯事荀子"一句话的理由应该是,司马迁在同情赴秦冤死的韩非之余,构成了李斯害过他为主轴的生平故事,为此司马迁需要说明韩非在年轻时就已认识李斯。总之,在《荀子》和《韩非子》的"性"论和"人"观的层次上,此两者之间的思想关系并不大,因而看不出由前者到后者的直接影响关系。关于他们之间是否有过师生关系的问题,虽然在目前的史料情况下不能断定有还是没有,但至少司马迁自己相当确定韩非并没有继承荀子的学术这一点。

For long years,discussion about the relationship of thought between Xunzi and Hanfeizi has been dominated by a sort of tautological argument between two notions.First,that Han Fei was the student of Xunzi,and second that Han Fei’s view of human beings was profoundly influenced by Xunzi’s theory that＂Human nature is bad＂.By means of separately reflecting these two notions,this article attempts to demonstrate the following two points：Firstly,Han Fei’s view of human beings succeeded in the early so-called Legalist texts such as the Book of the Lord Shang,and Jixia thinkers such as Shen Dao and Tian Pian,not in Xunzi’s theory of human nature.Secondly,it is highly probable that the reason that Sima Qian wrote that Han Fei with Li Si served Xunzi was because he wanted to explain why Li Si＂felt jealous＂about Han Fei so that he drove Han Fei into death at the Qin court.In order to make the story consistent concerning when Li Si knew Han Fei＇s talent as a political philosopher,Sima Qian imagined a background situation that Han Fei served Xunzi together with Li Si when they were young.However,on the point of the origin of Han Fei’s political theory,Sima Qian had a very clear idea that Han Fei’s theory had not been influenced by Xunzi’s thought.