中国古代夫妻权力关系与家庭暴力——兼论清代妇女的以暴制暴犯罪

Chinese Ancient Marital Power Relations and Domestic Violence——To Answer Violence With Violence on Women in the Qing Dynasty

周代"君臣、父子、夫妇"为核心的礼乐文明,在中国古代社会建立了上下有等、礼仪有差、尊卑贵贱、男女有别的社会秩序。汉代"罢黜百家,独尊儒术"的实施,使得男尊女卑和男主女从的家庭伦理成为主流思想,男子被赋予管教妻子的权力。在引礼入法的文化传统下,封建政府在制定夫妻之间、妻子与夫家亲属之间的互相侵犯的法律条文时,往往采取同罪异罚、重女轻男的方式,从法律上保障了男子管教妻子的权力,使得男子针对妻子的家庭暴力更为严重,由此而引发了妇女以暴制暴的反抗。当代社会中,虽然针对妇女的家庭暴力有着多方面的原因,但传统社会夫道尊严的影响仍然是其中一条重要的原因。

The Zhou Dynasty and the ＂relationships of Emperors and Subjects,father and son,husbands and wives＂as the core of the civilization,in Chinese ancient society,established social order by etiquette,difference and noble in gender; in the Han Dynasty＇s ＂Hundreds ousted,to keep Confucianism dominant＂,patriarchy and men from women＇s family ethics became the mainstream of society,man is endowed with the power of disciplining his wife; From the traditional culture of etiquette to the law,the feudal government between each other in the formulation between husband and wife,wife and husband＇s relatives of the provisions of the law,often take the same crime in different ways,men and women of light,from the legal protection of the men＇s power to discipline his wife,makes the man＇s violence against his wife more serious,thus causing the women violently revolt against violence. Although there are many reasons for domestic violence against women in modern society,influence of traditional society on the dignity of the husbands is still one of the important reasons.