欧洲政党意识形态极化倾向的原因和影响分析

Ideological Polarization in European Political Parties:Causes and Impacts

近年来,受经济危机和难民危机的双重影响,欧洲一些极端化的意识形态政党纷纷崛起,并开始影响这一地区的政党格局。欧洲政党意识形态极化的原因主要有三个方面,即全球化背景下经济获益的不均衡、文化多元主义政策面临的困境以及后工业化时代民众价值追求的变化。欧洲政党意识形态极化必然对欧洲国家政治产生深刻影响。具体而言,这种现象将使欧洲国家主流政党面临信任危机,支持率下降;使欧洲一体化未来发展面临挑战,民众对欧盟的信任和认同弱化;使欧洲国家的政治文化遭到侵蚀,宽容的文化氛围受到影响。欧洲的这股政党意识形态极化思潮除影响欧洲国家以外,也将对中国和中欧关系产生影响。中国需要积极应对,一方面,要积极维护好全球化的正确发展方向,努力推动和谐、共赢、开放、互利的新型全球化;另一方面,要扮演好世界经济发展的积极推动者角色。

Over the past decade,because of the economic crisis and refugee crisis,an extreme ideological trend of political parties has become a prominent feature of European politics.Because of the scarcity of related literature,it is all the more necessary to study ideological polarization ideology in European political parties.This paper proposes that there are three reasons behind the phenomenon:the imbalance between economics and politics,the failure of cultural pluralism policy,and the change of people’s values in the post-industrial era.Based on these explanations,the paper points out that the impact will be reflected in three aspects of political culture.First,the phenomenon will discredit mainstream political parties.Second,it will impede European integration.Third,it will corrupt the political culture in European countries.This trend of political ideology in Europe cannot be ignored,because it will have a significant impact on China-EU economic and trade relations.China should continue to promote globalization and play the role as the world economic leader.