面向随钻约束处理的地震资料准备与质量监控

Data preparation and quality control for constraint seismic processing while drilling

随钻约束处理作为将地面地震资料应用于开发地震的有效方法,对地震数据准备的时效性和质量提出了新的要求。在随钻约束处理需求和油田存档地震资料问题分析的基础上,本文提出面向随钻约束处理的地震数据存储、准备策略和质量监控新方法。地震资料准备策略涵盖当前深度偏移的三种基准面,即深度域共中心点(common mid-point,CMP)基准面、地表圆滑面和统一基准面;数据存档策略同时考虑数据准备时效性、数据存储经济性和数据通用性,存档资料可直接用于克希霍夫时间偏移、深度偏移,也可通过抽取炮集用于逆时偏移成像。提出针对CMP道集的道头字绘图、换算与对比,以及针对道集和速度质量的验证叠加和验证偏移质量监控方法,全面保证用于随钻约束处理的道集和速度质量。中国西部某油田随钻约束处理作业应用实例表明,本文方法在保证随钻约束处理时效性需求的前提下,同时保障了对道集和速度质量的需求,最终钻井效果改善明显。

As constraint seismic processing while drilling(CSPWD)utilizes surface seismic for hydrocarbon production,it poses new challenges to data preparation timeliness and quality.Based on the analysis of CSPWD requirements and seismic data archiving,we propose in this paper an approach for seismic data archiving,data preparation,and quality control.The proposed seismic data preparation involves 3 types of migration datums,i.e.depth-domain common mid-point(CMP)datum,smoothed surface datum,and uniform datum.Data archiving strategy considers data preparation timeliness,data storage economy,and data generality which means that archived data can be directly processed not only by Kirchoff prestack time migration(PSTM)and prestack depth migration(PSDM),but also by reverse time migration(RTM)with common shotpoint gather sorting.The proposed quality control includes also trace headers plotting,conversion,and comparison for CMP gather headers,stack verification,and migration verification for gather and velocity quality.The proposed approach is applied to a CSPWD operation in an oilfield,western China.The results show the proposed approach can not only satisfy data preparation timeliness,but also guarantee gather and velocity volume quality.