工作环境对ICU护士离职意愿的影响研究

Impact of work environment on turnover intention of ICU nurses

目的调查ICU护士离职意愿现状并分析离职意愿的影响因素。方法采用方便取样法抽取无锡市7所三级甲等综合性医院ICU病房255名护士进行问卷调查,调查内容分为一般资料问卷、离职意愿量表和护理工作环境量表。结果本研究共发放调查问卷270份,收回有效问卷255份。分析结果显示,ICU护士护理环境总分为(88.81±7.88)分,总均分为(2.82±0.28)分,各维度平均分得分由高到低分别是医护合作、高质量护理服务的基础、护理管理者的能力及领导方式、充足的人力物力、护士参与医院事物。单因素方差分析显示、年龄、学历、职称、职务、ICU工作年限、周末加班个数、月收入、工作满意度对护士离职意愿的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理工作环境总分及各维度与离职意愿呈低度到中度的负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。年龄、周末加班1~3次,护士参与医院事物、充足的人力物力、医护合作为ICU护士离职意愿的预测变量这5个变量能解释ICU护士离职意愿的40.5%的变异。结论年龄、周末加班1~3次、护士参与医院事物、充足的人力物力、医护合作对离职意愿具有预测作用,医院管理者应针对上述因素采取措施降低ICU护士的离职意愿。

Objective To explore the current status of ICU nurses＇ turnover intention,and to explore the influencing factors of turnover intention. Methods The convenient sampling method was used to extract 255 nurses from seven three-level general hospitals＇ ICU ward. The questionnaire survey was conducted including general information questionnaire,turnover intention scale and nursing work environment scale. Results A total of 270 questionnaires were collected and 255 valid questionnaires were collected. The results showed that the total nursing environment of ICU nurses was（ 88. 81 ± 7. 88）,and the total score was（ 2. 82 ± 0. 28）. The average score of each dimension in a descending order was health care cooperation,the basis of high-quality care services,nursing manager＇s ability and leadership,adequate human and material resources,nurses participate in hospital affairs. Univariate analysis showed that age,education,title,job,ICU working life,weekend overtime,monthly income and job satisfaction had influence on turnover intention（ P〈0. 05）. There was a negative correlation between overall score of nursing working environment scale and turnover intention（ P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）. The Multiple linear regression show that age,weekend overtime for 1 ~ 3 times,nurses participate in hospital affairs,adequate human and material resources,medical care for the ICU nurses turnover intention of the predictors,which can explain 40. 5% variation of the ICU nurses＇ willing to leave. Conclusion Age,weekend overtime 1-3 times,nurses participate in hospital affairs,adequate human and material resources,health care cooperation has a predictive effect on the intention to leave,suggesting that managers should pay attention to the secondary factors,to take measures to reduce ICU nurses ＇turnover intention.