邢家渡灌区地下水动态特征及驱动因素研究

Research of Dynamic Characteristics and Driving Factors of Groundwater in Xingjiadu Irrigation Area

为促进引黄灌区地下水资源可持续利用,保障灌区地下水良性循环,以济南市邢家渡引黄灌区为研究对象,基于1986—2013年灌区相关数据,采用趋势分析方法、ArcGIS软件和灰色关联分析法研究灌区地下水位动态变化特征及驱动因素对地下水的影响。结果表明:灌区降水量和蒸发量分别呈现非显著性增大和减小趋势,而灌区总用水量、地表水灌溉量和地下水开采量分别具有显著增大、减小和增大趋势。灌区地下水位动态变化分为水位抬升期(1986—1995年)、水位下降期(1996—2000年)和水位平稳期(2001—2013年)3个阶段。1990—2010年,灌区上游和中游地下水位较高,水位有小幅下降;灌区下游地下水位较低,水位下降幅度较大。灌区地下水位动态变化驱动因素的灰色关联度有很大差异,自然因素(关联度均大于0.65)对灌区地下水位动态变化具有较大影响,人为因素对地下水影响程度因地区而异,灌区上游、中游主要受地表水灌溉影响,而下游受地下水开采影响程度较大。

In order to promote the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources and ensure the benign circulation of groundwater in the Yellow River irrigation area,theXingjiadu Yellow River irrigation area was studied. Based on the 1986-2013 data,the dynamic change char-acteristics of groundwater level and the influence of driving factors to the groundwater were studied with the trend analysis method,ArcGIS and grey relational analysis method. The results show that the precipitation and evaporation present an increasing and decreasing trend respec-tively ,and the total water consumption,the irrigation quantity and the groundwater production significantly increase,decrease and increase in the irrigation area respectively. The annual dynamic change of groundwater level in irrigated area is divided into 3 stages,namely the rising period （ 1986-1995）,falling period （ 1996-2000） and stable period （2001-2013）. In the 1990-2010,the groundwater level in the upper and middle reaches of irrigation area is higher with a small decline; the downstream groundwater level is lower with larger drop amplitude. The grey correlation degree of the driving factors of groundwater dynamic change in irrigation area is different. The natural factors （the grey relational degree is all above 0.65） have a great influence to the dynamic change of groundw-ater level in the irrigation area. The impact of hu-man activities on groundwater varies by different locations. Surface water irrigation is the main influence factor in the upstream and midstream of the irrigation area and the groundwater dynamic change is influenced distinctly by the groundwater exploitation in the dow-nstream of the ir-rigation area.