中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在炎症相关疾病中的研究进展

Research progress on neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammationrelated diseases

中性粒细胞是抵御病原体入侵机体的第一道防线,通过趋化和吞噬作用使病原体失活,从而进行免疫防御,杀灭病原体。研究证实,中性粒细胞通过吞噬病原体、分泌抗微生物蛋白颗粒来杀灭病原微生物。2004年Brinkmann发现了一种中性粒细胞新型抗感染机制,即中性粒细胞经病原体活化刺激后释放中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular trap,NET)至细胞外。NET是由双链DNA染色质和镶嵌在染色质上的抗菌蛋白构成的纤维网格状结构,通过网罗、捕获而杀灭病原体。诸多研究表明,NET在炎症相关疾病中起重要作用,其生成和降解会影响急慢性炎性疾病的病理过程。本文主要从NET的特征、产生机制、抗菌作用及其在炎性相关疾病中的作用等方面着手,概述其最新研究进展,为炎性疾病的治疗及其药物开发提供新的思路和方向。

Neutrophils are the first line of defense against invading pathogens.Neutrophils kill pathogens through chemotaxis and phagocytosis.It has been confirmed that neutrophils kill pathogenic microorganisms by engulfing pathogens and secreting antimicrobial protein particles.In 2004, Brinkmann found a new anti-infection mechanism of neutrophils, that is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs） after activation.NETs are a kind of structure similar to fiber network, which are composed of double-stranded DNA and antibacterial proteins laying on chromatin structure.The role of NETs in the process of anti-infection is capturing and killing pathogenic microorganisms.In recent years, increased evidence has shown that NETs play an important role in inflammatory diseases, and the pathological process in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases would be affected by NET generation and degradation.This article mainly summarizes the latest research progress on NETs in the characteristics, generation mechanism, antibacterial activity, and the effect in inflammatory diseases;provides new ideas and directions for the treatment and drug development for inflammatory diseases.