黑龙江兴凯湖春季迁徙水鸟类多样性研究与保护

Study on migratory waterbird diversity in spring in Xingkai Lake Nation Natural Reserve of Heilongjiang province

2014—2016年,每年的3月和4月,对兴凯湖保护区鸟类多样性进行调查。共记录到鸟类6目12科56种,共计387 357只。其中雁鸭类的种类和数量最多,共记录到31种364 405只,占记录鸟类数量的94.07%。对本区鸟类多样性进行研究,结果表明:本区鸟类目的多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势度指数分别为1.5833、0.6173和0.2500;科的多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势度指数分别为1.6849、0.4186、0.3304;种的多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势度指数分别为2.5514、0.1983和0.1086。从不同年份进行鸟类物种多样性分析,2015年鸟类多样性指数最高,为2.5561,2016年多样性指数最低,为2.3465。2015年鸟类均匀性指数最高,为0.2129,2014年均匀性指数最低,为0.2029。2016年鸟类优势度指数最高,为0.1585,2015年优势度指数最低,为0.0951。本研究为保护区今后的鸟类相关保护及科研管理提供了科学依据。

The bird diversity was surveyed on March and April from 2014 to 2016 in Xinkai Lake National Nature of Heilongjiang province. The total number of 387 357 birds was belonged to 6 orders, 12 families and 56 species. The most of them was Anatidae which included 31 species 364 405 birds, and it was 94. 07% of total birds. The biodiversity was analyzed by Shannon-Wiener index. The diversity index, uniformity index and richness index was 2.5514, 0. 1983and 0. 1086 respectively. The diversity of order, family and difference years was compared. The results showed ： the order diversity index, uniformity index and richness index were 1. 5833 , 0. 6173 and 0. 2500; the family diversity index, uniformity index and richness index were 1. 6849, 0. 4186 and 0. 3304. The highest diversity index was 2015, it was 2. 5561; the lowest diversity index was 2016, it was 2. 3465. The highest uniformity index was 2015, it was 0. 2129; the lowest uniformity index was 2014, it was 0. 2029. The highest richness index was 2016, it was 0. 1585; the lowest richness index was 2015, it was 0. 0951. This study provides a scientific basis for the protection and habitats management of the birds in future.