新疆红枣枣果主要致病菌交链格孢菌产生毒素种类及黑斑病病果毒素含量测定

Mycotoxin Analysis of Main Pathogen Alternaria alternate of Jujube Fruit Shrink and Determination of Black Spot Disease Toxin Content in Xinjiang

【目的】研究新疆红枣缩果病和枣果黑斑病两种病害的主要致病菌交链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)产生的主要毒素种类,以及栆果黑斑病病果中的毒素种类和含量,为红枣加工和食用的安全性评价提供依据。【方法】采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,测定10株链格孢菌产生的毒素种类及含量,并对枣果黑斑病不同严重度发病枣果和人工接种果实中毒素种类及含量进行测定。【结果】10株交链格孢供试菌株可产生4种毒素,分别为链格孢酚(alternariol,AOH)、交链格孢酚单甲醚(alternariol monomethyl ether,AME)、交链孢烯(altenuene,ALT)和细交链格孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid,TeA)。TeA、ALT、AME和AOH在不同病级发病枣果和人工培养条件下均有检出,其中TeA检出含量最高,范围为3.1×103~5.5×103mg/kg;AME、AOH和ALT的含量范围分别为7.2×102~6.4×102mg/kg,1.2~3.8×102mg/kg和0.09~5.08 mg/kg。人工接种链格孢菌后,无伤、有伤枣果内均检测到大量TeA。不止在发病枣果中检测到了毒素,无伤接种未发病枣果亦发现大量毒素,且未接种健康枣果中亦有少量链格孢霉毒素。【结论】新疆红枣枣缩果病和枣果黑斑病病原菌两种病害的主要致病菌交链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)均可产生链格孢霉毒素,且产毒量高,危害严重,影响了新疆红枣的产量及商品价值,患病枣果无法安全食用。在红枣鲜食加工和风险评估中应引起关注和重视,并在红枣种植和贮存期间减少病原菌侵染,以避免更多的污染。

【Objective】In order to make clear mycotoxins species and content of mainly pathogen Alternaria alternate of jujube fruit shrink,jujube black spot,and mycotoxins species and content of jujube black spot diseased fruits,this study aims to provide the basis for the safety evaluation of jujube processing and consumption in Xinjiang.【Method】Utra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established as the method to determine the variation and content of mycotoxins from 10 Alternaria strains and the onset fruit of jujube black spot in different severities and the species and content of toxin in artificially inoculated fruits.【Result】The results showed that 10 Alternaria strains could produce 4 kinds of Alternaria mycotoxins： alternariol（AOH）,alternariol monomethylether（AME）,altenuene（ALT） and tenuazonic acid（Te A）. Te A,ALT,AME and AOH were detected in different disease onset of jujube fruit which were affected by A. alternate and artificial cultivation conditions,the highest content of Te A,range of 3. 1 × 10^3-5. 5 × 10^3mg/kg; AME,AOH and ALT were 7. 2 × 10^2-6. 4 × 10^2mg/kg,1. 2-3. 8 × 10^2mg/kg and 0. 09-5. 08mg/kg. After inoculation with A. alternaria,alarge number of Te A were not only detected injuring jujube fruit,but also detected in the uninjured jujube fruit. Not only the toxin was detected in the onset jujube fruit,but also a large amount of toxin was found in the jujube without injury,although there was a small amount of Alternaria toxin in healthy jujube fruit.【Conclusion】The main pathogens（Alternaria alternate） leading to jujube fruit shrink and jujube black spot in Xinjiangcan produce a lot of Alternaria mycotoxins,which have such great influence on the production and value of Xinjiang red jujube that it was inedible. Therefore,it should be paid more attention to in fresh jujube processing and risk assessment,and to reduce the infection of pathogens in jujube planting and storage,so as to avoid more pollution. So in jujube planting and storage period,the pathogen infection must be reduced in order to avoid more contamination.