新疆水稻穗腐病病原菌种类鉴定及防控研究

Studies on Identification and Control of Rice Spikelet Rot Disease(RSRD) Pathogens Species in Xinjiang

【目的】稻穗腐病(Rice spikelet rot disease),有称颖枯病、谷枯病、黑穗病、穗褐变病、褐变穗等,是由镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)为主的多种真菌引起的穗期病害。在新疆水稻四大主产区时有发生,发病率在5%~20%。研究新疆水稻穗腐病发生规律、为害特点等,为有针对性的防治该病提供科学依据。【方法】采用抗病品种、调整抽穗期、药剂防控等措施,可有效地控制该病的发生为害。【结果】经鉴定该病的侵染源主要为层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum),次要为新月弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)和细交链孢菌(Alternaria tenuis)。【结论】防治该病的最佳方案是种植抗病品种,防治上在水稻始穗前5~7 d,采用50%米鲜.稻瘟灵可湿性粉剂(1 500倍液)和25%米酰胺乳油(1 600倍液)等药剂叶面喷雾防治,可有效预防该病的发生。

【 Objective】 Rice spikelet rot disease （RSRD） , in the past, also known as glume blight, val-ley blight, smut, rice spike brown rot disease, brown panicle and so on, is a spike period disease that is caused by a variety of fungi dominated by Fusarium proliferatum. Sometimes it happens in the four major rice producing zones in Xinjiang and the incidence rate is generally in the range of 5% to 20%.【 Method】 The occurrence and damage of the disease was effectively controlled by using resistant varieties, adjusting heading date, and preventing and curing agents.【 Result】 The main infection source of this disease was identified as Fusariumtenuis. In addition, the secondary infection source of this disease was identified as Curvularialunata and Altemariatenuis.【 Conclusion】The best solution to prevention and control the disease is to plant resistant cultivars. Using wettable powder of 50% prochlorazisoprothiolane （1 ,500 times liquid） and missible oil of 25% prochloraz （1,600 times liquid） as well as other insecticides to prevent and control during 5-7 days be-fore rice heading date by foliar spraying, can significantly reduce the occurrence of this disease.